To identify probable causes of a software defect by drawing an Ishikawa diagram.
Suppose a project has a States table that lists the states (in the United States) where the customer does business. A search dialog lets the user select one of the states from a drop-down list to select accounts from the selected state. Some of the use cases call for the states to be set to Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, but during tests New Hampshire does not appear in the drop-down list.